The state of higher education in 2024
As the year closes, I often take time to think about the events of the year. Sometimes these reflections can be very personal. Other times, like this post, they focus on my observations of UK higher education. This year has been marked by a complex landscape of financial pressures, job insecurity, the changing government, and evolving policies. Here’s a brief look at 2024:
Financial challenges
The financial stability of universities has been a concern for several years. For 2024 it came to a head with the focus of a hoped for / expected change in government, the continued impact of a post-Brexit UK, and the decline in international student recruitment. The new Labour government announced an increase in undergraduate tuition fees. These fees had been set and unaltered since 2017. This decision left universities grappling with inflationary cost increases – they are facing a decreasing budget and uncertainty on how much longer they can continue. This financial strain has disproportionately affected teaching-intensive universities, which are heavily reliant on these tuition fees.
Visa restrictions and political uncertainty around international student policies raised concerns about the sustainability of this revenue stream. Institutions have faced criticism for over-reliance on these students to fill funding gaps created by stagnant domestic fees.
Job security and workforce dynamics
Job insecurity within the sector has become a growing issue. Many institutions announced plans for redundancies in 2024. They also plan the closure of unprofitable departments. These decisions show broader efforts to cut costs amid shrinking surpluses. Staff morale has been affected by these changes, alongside the ongoing disputes over pay, working conditions, and pensions.
Although higher interest rates eased some pension-related pressures in 2024, the legacy of the disputes highlights systemic dissatisfaction among academic and support staff. The University and College Union (UCU) has continued to advocate for better conditions, but resolution to these long-standing conflicts remains elusive.
Policy developments
The changing political environment has shaped 2024 – none of the major parties outlined comprehensive reforms to address the funding crisis in higher education to the satisfaction of those who work there. Proposals have ranged from the abolition of fees to limiting student numbers. Meanwhile, Labour acknowledged the sector’s challenges but stopped short of committing to a clear plan.
The introduction of policies to increase apprenticeships and vocational training has provided an alternative pathway for students, though concerns remain about their integration with traditional higher education routes. Additionally, reforms to postgraduate research funding aimed at driving innovation have been a modest positive note in a challenging year.
Student experience and wellbeing
For students, 2024 has been shaped by the increasing use of digital tools and hybrid (have we stopped talking about hyflex yet?) learning models. While these technologies have brought flexibility, there are concerns about their effectiveness in replicating in-person interactions. Rising living costs have also strained student finances, leading to heightened calls for increased maintenance loans and grants.
Mental health services are being used more than ever. Many institutions are often under-resourced in this area, not being able to forecast the needs. Students report significant delays in accessing support. Universities and government bodies have pledged to prioritise this area, but tangible improvements have been slow.
The road ahead
Looking to 2025, higher education faces pivotal challenges:
- Funding reform: Addressing the unsustainable financial model, particularly for domestic students, will be critical. Policy clarity from political parties is urgently needed.
- Workforce stability: Improving job security and resolving disputes will be essential to keep staff morale and the sector’s global reputation.
- Student support: Expanding mental health services and enhancing affordability are key to ensuring student wellbeing.
- International strategy: Institutions must navigate visa policies and diversify income streams to reduce over-reliance on international students.
Despite these challenges, the sector remains resilient, demonstrating its ability to innovate and adapt under pressure. Universities, policymakers, and stakeholders must collaborate if universities and higher education is to succeed. This collaboration is essential to secure a sustainable and inclusive future for UK higher education.
Photo by Alev Takil on Unsplash
